Calculate initial dosage using the following equation. It would be best to get this clarified while placing the order. This book is distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution. As a member of the xanthine family, it bears structural and pharmacological similarity to theobromine and caffeine, and is readily found in nature, being present in tea camellia. Theophylline oral solution fda prescribing information. If patient is already taking theophylline, give smaller loading dose. See what others have said about theophylline, including the effectiveness, ease of use and side effects. Pediatric drugs analgesics antihypertensive and cardiovascular agents antimicrobial agents miscellaneous agents sedatives, hypnotics, and other drugs used in psychiatry. Theophylline tends to be more potent and longer acting than aminophylline. Nuelin sr modified release tablets nps medicinewise. Theophylline is a bronchodilator used for the relief of asthma that has a number of other pharmacological effects. Dosing adjustment for renal impairment continues to be. Aminophylline is a drug combination of theophylline and. Antiinflammatory dosing of theophylline in the treatment.
Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical. It must be used regularly to prevent wheezing and shortness of breath. Clearance of theophylline by hemodialysis in one patient. The parameters are found in the drug model database and are fully usereditable. The plasma halflife of theophylline in adults varies considerably. Theophylline comes as an extendedrelease longacting tablet, extendedrelease capsule, and a solution liquid to take by mouth. Theophylline is used to treat lung diseases such as asthma and copd bronchitis, emphysema. Asthma is a breathing problem caused by narrowing of the airways, the breathing passages that allow air to move in and out of the lungs. Theophylline oral tablet, extended release 100mg drug.
Theophylline oral tablet, extended release 100mg drug medication dosage information. Adult drugs analgesics antihypertensive and cardiovascular agents antimicrobial agents miscellaneous agents sedatives, hypnotics, and other drugs used in. Salt factor fraction of 1 theophylline1, aminophylline 0. Theophylline, administered for up to 3 weeks, has been shown to disturb psgrecorded sleep in healthy subjects, 278,279 patients with asthma, 280 children with cystic fibrosis, 281 and patients with sleep apnea 282 or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Airways can be narrowed due to accumulation of mucus, spasm of the muscles that surround these airways, or swelling of the lining of the. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. The renal drug handbook the st georges hospital, adult critical. Theophylline fda prescribing information, side effects.
Theophylline or aminophylline for the prevention of. This guide succeeds at providing busy healthcare providers with updated and evidencebased information on dosing and monitoring commonly used medications in patients with renal dysfunction. Theo 24, theocron theophylline dosing, indications, interactions. The plasmatheophylline concentration is increased in heart failure, hepatic impairment, and in viral infections. Dosing regimens should be tailored based on presumed source of infection, mic data when available, and residual renal function. You can tailor each drug model to fit your patient population, or you can create your own models. Theophylline is a natural alkaloid derivative of xanthine isolated from the plants camellia sinensis and coffea arabica. Theo 24, theocron theophylline dosing, indications. Because of differences in theophylline clearance, the dose needed to achieve a peak theophylline of 10 to 20 mcgml varies up to fourfold e. The natural methylxanthines caffeine and theophylline are known to induce diuresis by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubules through antagonism of adenosine a1 receptors. Theophylline uniphyl and theo24 side effects, dosage. Crrt is off, dose as hemodialysis patients or based on any residual renal function. Theophylline warnings and precautions among the conditions that you should tell your healthcare provider about before you take theophylline are liver disease, low thyroid, and seizures or epilepsy.
Theophylline appears to inhibit phosphodiesterase and prostaglandin production, regulate calcium flux and intracellular calcium distribution, and antagonize adenosine. Renal elimination of unchanged drug accounts for 10 to 15% of the total elimination of the dose in adults and may increase to up to 50% in neonates. Since little theophylline is excreted unchanged in the urine and since active metabolites of theophylline i. Increases renal lithium clearance, necessitating a 40%60% increase in the dose of lithium. Reduced doses may be needed for infants with risk factors for reduced theophylline clearance e. Data collected for the assessment of renal function consisted of. Symptomatic relief or prevention of bronchial asthma and reversible bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Hemodialysis has been regularly utilized therapeutically as a supportive treatment for endstage renal disease. The use and dosing of aminophylline was independent of the study and was.
Telmisartan, temazepam, teniposide, tenofovir, terazosin, terbutaline, tetracycline, theophylline, thiazides, thiopental, tiagabine, ticarcillin clavulonate. Vancomycin for full information on treatment side effects, cautions and contraindications, see. Renal dose adjustment guidelines for antimicrobials crrt. To reduce the chances of drug interactions, you should also tell your healthcare provider about all other drugs you are taking. The drugs theophylline and aminophylline are often spoken of together, though aminophylline is a derivative of theophylline, and differs somewhat in its structure from theophylline. Theophylline competitively blocks phosphodiesterase which increases camp tissue concentrations causing bronchodilatation, diuresis, cns and cardiac stimulation, and gastric acid secretion. The steadystate peak serum theophylline concentration is a function of the dose, the dosing interval, and the rate of theophylline absorption and clearance in the individual patient.
Suggestions for drug monitoring in adults in primary care. Singulair montelukast sodium dose, indications, adverse. Its used to treat airflow obstruction symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest. Theophylline is an oral medication used to treat asthma and other lung diseases. Theophylline is the generic name for the prescription drugs uniphyl in canada and theo24. Steady state peak concentrations are a function of dose and dosing interval, absorption, and clearance. Lowdose dopamine is commonly used in the nicu in an attempt to preserve renal function. This new book addresses the persistent and challenging problem of dosing medications for patients with renal insufficiency and dysfunction.
Theophyllinesr definition of theophyllinesr by medical. Because of marked individual differences in the rate of theophylline clearance, the dose required to achieve a peak serum theophylline concentration in the 1020. The information on dosage adjustments in renal impairment given in this book is based on. Learn who its for, how it works, its side effects, warnings, and more. Abacavir abacavir lamivudine abacavir lamivudine zidovudine acarbose acebutolol acetaminophen acetazolamide acetohexamide acetohydroxamic acid acetylsalicylic acid aspirin acrivastine acyclovir adefovir adenosine albuterol inhaled albuterol oral alfentanil alfentanil allopurinol alprazolam alteplase tissuetype plasminogen activator. Dosing guidelines book dosing guidelines for children dosing guidelines for adults. Lowdose aminophylline for the treatment of neonatal non. The dose will be adjusted based on the amount of theophylline in the blood. It also has myocardial stimulant, coronary vasodilator. Differences in the halflife of theophylline are important because. Theophylline is a methylxanthine derived from the group called xanthines. Theophylline definition of theophylline by medical. The plasmatheophylline concentration is decreased in smokers, and by alcohol consumption.
Theophylline has been used for over 70 years for its bronchodilation properties in the management of asthma and is widely prescribed throughout the world today. Theophylline was first identified as having potential for asthma as a bronchodilator in 1921 and 1922, but general use as a bronchodilator was not seen until the 1930s. Weight or ibw if obese kg heart failure liver cirrhosis severe pulmonary oedema. Such preparations, often with a mild sedative added, dominated the market for oral theophylline products until 1975 when the. In multiple dosing situations, a slower rate of theophylline absorption leads to lower peaktrough fluctuation. Theophylline 5% dextrose injection excel theophylline in. Your theophylline dosage is prescribed based on factors like the specific form of theophylline and your age. Take preload level and dose accordingly see guidelines below for rebolus or 2. Depending on the dose and route of administration, theophylline can have a. Physiologically, this agent relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, produces vasodilation except in cerebral. This book is distributed under the terms of the creative commons. Although specific dosing guidelines are not provided, use of typical ageadjusted doses should be considered i. To examine the flow dependency, theophylline was adminstered in single doses 4.
In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other. Dosing guidelines book school of medicine university of. Theophylline renal clearance is highly dependent on urine flow rate and is neither concentration nor dose related. Theophylline, also known as 1,3dimethylxanthine, is a methylxanthine drug used in therapy for respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd and asthma under a variety of brand names. Theophylline extendedrelease tablets 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg. This emedtv page offers more information on dosing with theophylline, including an explanation of how your doctor may determine your dosing. Theophylline belongs to a class of medications called bronchodilators, used in treating asthma and other airway diseases. The theophylline model is not hardcoded into the program. Therapeutic drug monitoring wirral medicines management. Therefore, in a normal adult, renal disease has no significant effect on theophylline clearance. Theophylline extendedrelease tablets 100 mg, 200 mg, 300.
Learn about the reported side effects, related class drugs, and how these medications will affect your daily lifestyle. Finer adjustments in dosage may be needed for some patients. The combination of theophylline and ephedrine was described in a 1940 publication. There is no single dose that is both safe and effective for all patients. There are no dose adjustments needed for renal impairment in adults or children older. Urine flowdependence of theophylline renal clearance in. Dailymed theophylline anhydrous theophylline tablet. Medscape indicationspecific dosing for theo 24, theochron, elixophyllin, aminophylline, uniphyl theophylline, frequencybased adverse effects. The recommendations below should be used as a guideto aid in antibiotic dosing while on crrt.
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